GENERAL On board maintenance systems (also known as Central Maintenance Systems (CMS) are electronic/ computer based systems used to...

It is a ground based station that emits vertically polarized Low Frequency (LF) and Medium Frequency (MF) signals in all the directions...

Modulation is a process of superimposing Audio Frequency(A.F) over Radio Frequency(R.F) or carrier wave in the transmitter. The need for...

The MOCA is the lowest published altitude in effect between radio fixes on VOR airways, off-airway routes, or route segments which meets...

Ever imagined, while you fly on that beautiful aircraft getting all the pictures from window seat or having a coffee in the aisle, the...

The MEA is the lowest published altitude between radio fixes that assures acceptable navigational signal coverage and meets obstacle...

The low range radio altimeter (LRRA) is a landing radio altimeter that measures the distance from the aircraft to the ground during...

To get to know more about the basic types of batteries. Tap on ” Batteries ” Also termed as Dry charged or Flooded or wet battery is a...

For a normal Visual Flight Rules (VFR) Approach, a pilot must have atleast 3 miles horizontal visibility with a ceiling not less than...

With the advancement of technological development of navigational aids, specifically for military operations, the systems incorporated,...